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What is meant by importing goods ? All goods and services that are produced or provided outside the borders of any country, and according to a legal and defined process, enter the borders of the countries, are called import goods. Also, all services and goods that are provided and produced within the internal borders of a country and legally sent to other countries and external borders of the country are called export of goods. Importing goods is one of the most important processes and activities in the field of international trade. In the study of the international economy, accurate targeting for the import of goods is considered one of the most important solutions for the economic development of countries. In general, the import of basic goods, raw materials needed by industries and companies, and goods with a competitive advantage, creates effective interaction with other countries and uses their potentials, transfers the knowledge of the world to the importing country, develops domestic companies, reduces prices, dynamism and regulation. will be the market. But due to the extent of this issue, there are many questions and concerns, which we will discuss in this article.
To answer questions such as how to import goods? What are the most important stages of importing goods? Where should we start to start importing? What is the allocation of imported currency? And other important points, such as the most important import costs and related systems, stay with Dibaterme Parnian until the end of the article.
If you want to import goods and become an importer, you need to know the import steps. In the rest of the article, we explain the steps of importing goods.
The first step in importing goods is to research the domestic market for the sales conditions of the target product, check competitors, check the final price and the acceptable quality of the final product to present to the market. You should also check whether this product is profitable for you or not. Then it is necessary to get enough information from the organization of import and export regulations so that the entry of the selected product into the country is free.
The next step is to import goods, obtain a business card and create the necessary business foundations to carry out the next steps in the comprehensive system of trade in Iran.
The next step is to choose the country of origin for purchasing and supplying goods. You should pay attention to the distance from the country of origin and the method of transporting goods to Iran. Requesting a pre-invoice from suppliers is one of the most important steps. The proforma invoice is important because it contains the weight, number, type of currency, seller and buyer specifications, transaction method, money transfer, responsibilities and risks, and in general all the information required for the transaction and import of goods.
In the next step, you must register an order in the NTSW system. After entering the proforma information in this system and obtaining permission from the relevant organizations, the desired product import license is issued. The product inspection is done to ensure the quantity and health of the product before depositing the money for the seller.
After allocating currency and depositing money to the seller’s account, according to the negotiations, the product will be packed, loaded and sent by the seller. Don’t forget to insure your goods, because in case of any damage, the insurance will cover the damage to the shipment. When insuring the goods, pay attention to the fact that the goods must be insured before loading from the origin.
The first important point to start importing goods is to document the import strategy . One of the components of the business plan layout is the strategic layout of the business. The simplicity of this strategy and ensuring the participation of all people in the organization in achieving results is very important. Also, informing the people of the organization about the strategic plan and their interest and interaction with the plan is also one of the points that can be investigated in this field.
The most important questions that can be asked in the documentation stage are as follows:
Starting to import goods requires doing some points that some traders may not pay much attention to, but paying attention to them will prevent or reduce any damage.
The steps of importing goods include the following:
In the process of importing goods, the first step for import and export is to have a commercial card. If you do not have a commercial card, you will not be allowed to export and import goods; Therefore, before any action, apply for a business card.
After obtaining a commercial card, specify your field of activity for importing goods. Some people have a good familiarity with a country or import different types of goods due to their good relationship with a country. Others choose a product as a target and import it from all over the world.
Importer needs to buy goods from a reliable seller or supplier. In order to find the right seller, the following steps will help merchants:
It is recommended to choose one or more specific areas for activity and not to be active in different areas and sporadically.
To negotiate with different sellers, you need to master the language of that country or at least one international language. Do not forget that you must be familiar with the laws and regulations of that country.
Before buying, it is better to ask the seller to send a sample of the product to ensure the quality of the product. Note that many sellers send samples of their products for free (Free of Charges).
You can also negotiate with different sellers and buy and import goods after checking samples, product quality, price, technical specifications, quantity and type of goods.
After the mentioned steps, it is time to register the order of imported goods. Order registration is one of the most important stages of importing goods. The importer submits a request for his imported goods by referring to the order registration system of the Ministry of Security. Registering the goods order is the permission to enter the country.
Before any attempt to import goods, research the goods to ensure that they do not include prohibited goods. Usually, placing an order for goods has unique steps and they are different from each other.
Importing goods requires several permits. One of the most important of them is the permission to allocate the currency of the central bank. Currency allocation permit is important because when importing, if the central bank does not allocate currency, the goods will not be allowed to enter the country.
In fact, it can be said that the first step in importing goods into the country is obtaining a permit to enter the country. The desired product for import needs a currency allocation permit to check that it does not include prohibited products. Currency allocation has changed the process of importing goods to the country. Since 2017, the general process of import and export of goods in the country has been carried out under the supervision of the Central Bank with the aim of supporting domestic producers and monitoring currency transfers.
Clearing the foreign exchange obligation is defined as a validation indicator along with other indicators. Based on this, the information of the obligation settlement system is provided to the banking system, the Ministry of Security, the Tax Administration, the Chamber of Commerce and other regulatory bodies in order to take appropriate action. According to the announcement of the central bank, the re-allocation of foreign currency to importers who have foreign exchange commitments above 15% will be avoided.
This means, when the importer requests the operating bank to place the order registration in the turn of currency allocation, the central bank will systematically check the foreign exchange obligations and considering that for each importer the limit of the obligation has been defined, if If the importer has more than 15% of open obligations, i.e. more than 15% of the import cases have not been resolved (for example, the goods have not yet been imported or there is a problem to resolve the obligation), the currency allocation is rejected and it is not possible to allocate new currency.
After placing the order, the importer must proceed to obtain the required currency. Currency is procured in different ways, and government currency is also allocated for some goods. After the currency crises of the last few years, the government launched the NIMA system to help the businessmen. The Nima system is under the supervision of the Central Bank and is an intermediary between importers, exporters and money changers. Also, international payment is done in several ways, which Iranian businessmen are facing problems due to sanctions.
After the initial agreement to purchase the product, ask the seller to send a pre-invoice or proforma. Proforma is an important process in importing goods because it is actually the basis of your business.
In this proforma invoice, the full specifications of the goods, including price, weight, fare, quantity, type of currency of the goods transaction, country of origin and destination, specifications of the buyer and seller are explained.
If the proforma is sealed and signed by the buyer and the seller, it is a valid written contract between the buyer and the seller.
Clearance of goods is another step of importing goods, for which you must be familiar with the rules of importing goods. At this stage, you must submit relevant documents to customs, and if you are a commercial card holder, you must have already been coded in the customs system to clear the goods from customs.
Like other areas of international trade, importing goods requires sufficient expertise, and the problems of importing goods are always challenging for merchants, and in order to prevent or solve them, merchants must have up-to-date and sufficient information.
The existence of unfair sanctions has caused problems in the country’s import sector. Some of these problems include: excess value, unloading deduction, tariff difference, warehousing, time consuming to obtain entry permit or order registration, central bank currency allocation and demurrage, obtaining goods import permits and clearance.
Also, according to the import process and national and customs laws and international communications, the import of goods to the country usually faces problems.
Allocation of central bank currency and demurrage have been explained in previous articles, and in this article we will mention the rest.
overstatement or overstatement of value (exaggeration) is the expression of the value of goods, more than the actual price paid by presenting fake and fake documents and documents on behalf of the seller or buyer in order to receive bank facilities, withdrawal of foreign currency. and money laundering.
When you buy a product and bring it into the country, you are required to declare the product at the customs. You must mention which country you bought the goods from and at what price.
According to international laws, each commodity has its own unique tariff, which is an eight-digit number, and there may be differences in the last digits of this code in different countries. Therefore, the exact and complete customs tariff and work process may be different in each country.
According to the law, all goods have a certain customs tariff, and in Iran, the unit value of each type of goods in the TSC system is determined and registered according to the approval of the customs of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
After the goods are declared by the merchant, the customs checks the declared price of the merchant’s goods with the prices set in the TSC system, and if there is a discrepancy and the difference is found to be more than the value, the owner of the goods or his legal representative can file the case through the legal authorities, the investigation office. and determination of value, commissions for dealing with customs disputes and even the Court of Administrative Justice will follow up.
The follow-up of overvalued cases usually takes at least one to four years, including the legal time for notification and protest, and during this period, the received currency is in the possession of the beneficiary, and in this connection, the government’s rights are violated.
Due to the existence of different currencies in the past years and the exchange and single rate currency and its difference with the free market exchange rate, there has always been a discussion of overvalue and inflation in order to receive more currency.
Also, overvaluation may occur with other motives, including:
Due to these reasons and after the approval of the money laundering law and the formulation of its guidelines, overvaluation and exaggeration in the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance and Customs of Iran has been proposed and approved as one of the examples of money laundering.
Of course, many people have made billions of profits through shortcuts and have dealt a big blow to Iran’s economy.
In many cases, traders face a weight difference (usually with a reduction in weight compared to the weight of the cargo with the customs documents) when weighing the cargo at the customs exit door area, which is especially likely for goods whose valuation is based on weight.
According to the central bank’s circular, the weight tolerance for bulk goods, as well as basic and essential goods, the subject of Resolution 63793/T 55633H dated 16/05/1397, of the Honorable Board of Ministers and for the number of 800 tariff lines at the rate of 1.5% and other goods at a maximum of 3 The percentage is acceptable and for the difference more than that, the importer has to pay a penalty.
Traders should follow the declared method to meet the minimum weight tolerance.
Considering that the entry permit or registration of the order based on the approximate weight of the goods is done before shipment, during the preparation of the goods for shipment, request final packing from the seller and if you see the weight difference is higher than the allowed limit, correct the order registration. Finalize according to the weight.
Also, the efforts of the merchants should be that all the related matters are done completely by the time the cargo arrives in Iran, so that it is not subject to additional costs.
Customs tariff expressing the identity of the goods, the classification of the goods, the way of valuing the goods, the permits required for the import and export of the goods, the prohibition or the permission of import or export, the type of currency assigned by the Central Bank to the goods, and finally the amount of import duties payable for entry. is a commodity
The funds received at customs from imported goods are divided into several categories. One is the fees and charges, which are a kind of indirect tax, and the other is the fees that are collected in return for the service; such as the cost of unloading and loading, testing, standards, warehousing, and the Ministry of Roads, etc.
Iran is among the countries with the highest import tariffs.
Many importers face the issue of tariff difference after declaring the goods at customs, so that their declared tariff is different from the customs expert’s opinion.
Among the problems of the tariff difference, we can mention the heavy costs of fines, the difference in the source of entry, the delay of the cargo in the customs and subsequently the additional costs of storage and demurrage.
Therefore, it is recommended to find the correct tariff for your goods by consulting with commercial service companies and searching on the customs website before obtaining the entry permit and proceed to obtain the entry permit. If you are still not able to find the correct tariff for your goods, you can contact Dibatarme Parnian Trading Company and consult with the experts of importing goods.
All the warehouses that are built in the customs to store the imported and exported goods are called customs warehouses.
The duration of the goods stop at the customs is calculated from the time the goods enter the first customs. The allowed period of storage of goods in customs warehouses is 3 months and can be extended for another 2 months at the request of the owner of the goods or the transport company at the discretion of the customs. If the customs formalities are not done within the stipulated period, the goods will be subject to the abandoned regulations.
The owners of perishable goods must clear the goods immediately after unloading or transfer their cargo to a suitable customs warehouse; If a product is spoiled, the customs will consider it as abandoned.
Once a clearance document is issued for a product, it must be removed from the customs warehouse within one month, otherwise it will be subject to the abandoned regulations.
The duration of stopping goods in free and special economic zones is at the disposal of the organizations responsible for these zones.
The departure of goods from customs warehouses requires customs formalities, otherwise, customs smuggling will be declared.
The general specifications of customs warehouse bills include the following:
In the field of international trade, warehousing is an important issue that many businessmen do not pay enough attention to. Choosing a warehouse and registering it in the comprehensive system of warehouses by the importer is effective in reducing costs.
The country’s customs warehouses are registered in the comprehensive system of warehouses, and merchants must register their chosen warehouse in this system.
This system has facilitated the inquiry and clearance of goods from customs warehouses. Therefore, paying attention to the warehouse registration and having the warehouse code for the goods to leave the customs before the goods leave, prevents the delay of the goods in the customs and subsequently additional costs.
As it was said, in order to import goods into the country, it is important and mandatory to register the goods order and actually get the goods entry permit from the organization of industry, mining and trade.
The permission to register the goods order must be obtained by the buyer before the goods enter the country and declare at the customs. If the license is not issued, the importer is not allowed to import the desired product, and only after this license is issued, the importer can finalize his purchase.
The information contained in the product order registration license is complete and comprehensive and includes the following:
* Eight-digit license number
* Order authorization date
* The number and date of the proforma and the name of the company requesting to import goods
* Product Name
* Commodity tariff
* Value of goods
* Product weight
* Number of goods
* Producer and beneficiary countries
* Product brand and model
The importer needs to pay a fee to import goods. All costs that the importer must pay include the following:
Temporary import of goods includes goods that enter Iran customs temporarily and must leave the country within a certain time without any change in the goods. Of course, the changes that come from erosion are not included in this ruling.
Goods that have entered the country and are returned to the country of origin for some reason are called returned goods. The import of returned goods is a type of import of temporary goods.
Foreign transit means the transportation of goods from one country to another through a third country. This process is used to import goods to one country or export goods from one country to another. Foreign transit can be done internally or internationally. Sometimes a foreign product enters from one border of the country and exits from another border and only passes through Iran.
In the stages of importing goods, foreign transit can be used as an economical and efficient solution for transporting goods to the destination country. This process can help facilitate border traffic and reduce transportation costs. Also, foreign transit can be used as a solution to reduce the time of delivery of goods to final customers.
To carry out foreign transit, various types of documents and permits are required, which must be prepared by the exporter, carrier and recipient of the goods. In addition, care must be taken to the relevant regulations and also the services of a reputable and specialized shipping company should be used so that the transit process is done properly.
Finally, foreign transit is a complex process that requires precision and expertise. Choosing a reliable and specialized shipping company can help you benefit from the best solution for transporting goods and reduce additional costs and possible problems.
Internal transit means the movement of goods or cargo from one of the authorized customs of the country to another customs within a country . This type of transit is usually used to move goods from a production location to the final destination or intermediate warehouses. Domestic transit can be done by land, air or sea, and depending on the type of goods and the distance, different means of transportation are used.
In the field of import and export, internal transit is very important because the transfer of goods from the place of production to the final destination or intermediate warehouses improves the process of import and export and reduces costs. By using internal transit, goods are quickly and effectively transferred from one point to another, and this can significantly improve the time and costs of transportation, and it is considered one of the important stages of importing goods. .
To carry out domestic transit, we need various permits and documents such as transit permit, transport insurance, customs documents, etc., which must be carefully observed. .
Also, to carry out internal transit, skill and expertise in the field of transportation and customs are needed to avoid any problems and delays in the transit process.
In general, internal transit is very important in the process of importing goods, and by using this process, it is possible to significantly improve the time and costs of importing goods.
For international trade, you need to work with some internal systems. You must work with the following systems to import and register your requests, as well as provide documents for customs and various procedures:
In foreign trade, various types are considered for import, which we will explain below:
Importing a product to a country and paying for it is one of the following methods:
China’s defiance of US sanctions and economic orders against Iran has strengthened the country’s political and commercial relations with Iran. According to the statistics published by the customs, the import of goods from China is the first import of Iran and has been the main trading partner of Iran in recent years. But the question that arises is why importing from China can be useful?
The large population, the average work of twelve hours and the import of raw materials at reasonable prices have made the goods of China cheap. Considering the cheapness of goods in China, in order to reduce costs, importing goods from China can be a good option for more profit.
Note that there are high-quality goods in China and traders can import high-quality goods. Also, Iranian importers can start importing from China first from the northern provinces of China, whose culture is closer to the Middle East.
Importing from China, like other countries, has steps that must be taken into account. First you have to select the product and then the seller. In order to export the product, you must follow its tips.
First, you need to know what to import. One of the methods of product selection is to find the products that our country has imported the most; Therefore, you can identify high consumption imported products and meet the import needs of the country.
It is better to pay attention to the import rules of our country and do not go for products that are prohibited to enter the country. Below you can see the main goods imported from China:
* Parts and machinery
* Automobile spare parts
* Paper
* cell phone accessories
* Computer accessories
* Chemical and mineral raw materials
* Home Appliances
Finding a seller is not an easy task and a lot of research must be done. In this case, you can get help from the experts of Dibatarme Parnian Trading Company. Sellers in China are divided into several groups, including assemblers, manufacturers, and large and small companies. Buying goods and cooperating with each seller is different; Therefore, it is better to choose your seller according to the selected product.
The Export and Import Development Organization and the Industry, Mining and Trade Organization change the prioritization of imported goods based on the needs of the country, relevant policies and priorities based on the committees they have from various branches and agencies.
In the latest section of the letter provided by the Central Bank, currency allocation is issued for a minimum of 44 days and a maximum of 78 days; This period of time has caused importers to worry due to high currency fluctuations.
From the time of issuance of the license and the allocation of currency, the importer has a 30-day deadline to purchase, and if the purchase is not made within this time frame and is not registered in the system, the currency allocation has expired and must be placed in the queue again or renewed; which has caused problems for importers.
Sometimes, due to lack of confidence in the buyer, the importer is unwilling to pay the full amount or decides to deposit part of the money at another time; Again, setting a 30-day period for shopping has created many problems.
All the used appliances of the resident compatriots will be subject to customs exemptions when they return to the country, and no rights or benefits will be received from them, provided that:
The required equipment must be imported at least one month earlier or together with the owner of the goods, or up to 9 months after the owner of the goods entered the country, and also he can use this exemption once every 5 years.
Also, the last six months of their stay abroad were consecutive. Government officials who are sent abroad for one year or more will not be subject to the above clause.
The above customs exemptions and facilities will not apply to the entry of cars, motorcycles, motor boats, and new home appliances.
Tools and manual tools related to the work of compatriots living abroad will be exempted from customs duties.
Determining the tariff of the goods, inspecting the contents of the goods, changing the wrapping or packaging of the goods in the presence of the customs representative is called inventory.
Also, inventory in the word means recording of goods in the warehouse, preparation of price list and warehouse management. In fact, Inventer helps the merchants to inspect the imported goods in the customs clearance process and, if necessary, determine a more accurate tariff.
The goods inventory is done at the request of the goods owner in the warehouse, subject to the presentation of ownership documents and under the supervision of customs officials. The owner of the goods is responsible for any damage during the inventory and this must be stated during the request.
Although importing goods brings more opportunities and good profits, it faces many risks and still importers are involved with various problems. Our advice to you is to identify and manage import risks and minimize them.
Also, due to the continuous change of customs laws and the dependence of the import of goods on specialized information, in order to prevent any loss during import and also to prevent or reduce the unwanted costs of importing goods and services of importing goods from competent experts and consultants of Dibatarme Parnian Trading Company in this field of assistance get
